“Propaganda” ama dacaayad waxaa lagu sheegaa; caadifadda oo ka sare-marta caqliga— “supremacy of emotions over reason”. Qof kasta oo caqliyada dadka la hadla waxaa loollanka Propagandada uga fursad fiican qofka caadifadda xadanteeya.
Propaganda-du mar waa been iyo naxli. Marna waa run la dhoodhoobay. Marka ay been tahay waxaa la dhahaa “Black Propaganda”. Waa sheeko dadka lagu soo dhex daayo, oo xigashada iyo halka ay ka soo fushay aanan la ogeyn. Ujeedka laga leeyahay waa in jahwareer lagu abuuro.
Marka ay Propagandada run tahayna waxaa loo yaqaan “White Propaganda”. Waa macluumaad jiho sax ah ka soo baxay, laakiin la soo kala xulay, oo intii ugu fiicnayd la soo faafiyay si dadka loogu kasbado. Tusaale waxaa ah warsaxaafadeed xafiis ka soo baxay oo macluumaad xafiiskaas u dan ah gudbinaya. Waa run la dhoodhoobay “Spinned Truth”.
Waxaa kale oo jirta Propaganda mushkal ama fadareeshin ceynba ceyna ah oo la yiraa “Grey Propaganda”. Waa run iyo been isku qasan oo aanan si fudud loo ogaan karin isha laga keenay.
Beenaha Propagandada lagu sheego naftoodu waa dhowr nooc, waxaana ka mid ah:
1. Been Togan (Positive Lies):
Waa been aad adiga isku amaanayso, ama qofka aad taageersan tahay aad ku amaanayso, si aad kor ugu qaaddo fursadihiisa guusha.
2. Been Taban (Negative Lies):
Waa been xumaan ah oo aad ka sheegayso qofka aad la tartamayso, ama aad mucaaradka ku tahay, si aad fursadihiisa guusha hoos ugu dhigto, oo ka dibna aad adigu u noqoto midka buuxin kara waxa la dhaho “trust hole” ama booska aaminaadda ee aad asaga ka riixatay.
3. Been aad jahwareer iyo shaki ku galinayso bulshada (Uncertainty and Doubt):
Ujeedka beentaan saddexaad laga leeyahay ma ahan mid waqti xaadirkan laga faa’idayo oo qof gaar ah lagu taageerayo, ama qof lagu wiiqayo. Taas beddelkeeda, waa been loogu talogalay in lagu abuuro wacyi-yari bulsho oo u gogolxaaraysa in hadhow beenta loo sheego ay ka dhaadhacdo.
Waa sida beer la geed-qaadayo oo loo diyaarinayo in abuurka beenta lagu daadiyo. Maskaxda dadka ayaa waxaa laga geed-qaadaa maangalinimada ama rationalism-ka, si berri ka maalin aayar loogu firdhiyo iniinada iyo miraha beenta.
Waa qaar ka mid ah hawlaha lagu qabto xeeladaha ka-dhaadhicinta “Persuasion Techniques” oo ay siyaasiyiintu u kashadaan ka-lib-keenidda loollanka ay ugu jiraan la-wareegista ray’al-caamka.
Siyaasiyiinta iyo xirfadlayaasha xiriirka dadweyne waxaa la baraa adeegsiga xeeladahaan. Halka ay ka-hortagga iyo kala-hufidda wararkooduna tahay shaqada weriye xirfad iyo xeeryaqaan ah.
